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goodness Archive BDN Maine archive BDN Maine,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
It's October and that we are in El Salvador, a delegation of 16 people from Penobscot and Hancock Counties here to understand concerning the impact of free-trade policies on Maine and Central America. We represent a spectrum of organizations concerned with Maine jobs, services,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and natural resources placed in danger by international trade agreements. I along because I am a geographer who writes and studies about the environment and just how it fares under globalization. But I am also here to shut a circle in my experience and understanding,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a circle that begins on the cold winter day in 1992 at Dysart truck stay in Hermon.
I was there to express goodbye to some rebuilt Mercedes truck,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a part of a caravan of trucks bringing needed supplies towards the repatriated villages of El Salvador, where peasant farmers as well as their families having fled the civil war returned when confronted with war to reclaim their land and villages. Our truck is stuffed with medical supplies,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], corrugated roofing, children toys and school supplies, and seven pedal sewing machines for Bangor sister city, the 300-person village of Carasque nestled in the mountains near the border with Honduras. Thus begins the circle of goodness that ties Central Maine to Carasque and El Salvador. Over 12 years, the circle continues to be maintained by delegations of Mainers and Salvadorans,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], by material assistance and crafts produced on those sewing machines, by monthly telephone calls and school kids letters, by inspiration and concepts. The venerable truck still serves its sister city as community truck, bus, and at times ambulance. But today, we ride the18 wheeler like a fun bus to swim within the river miles below the village.
We also start learning on this trip how our circle of goodness interacts with two other circles of jobs and dollars. Within the same dozen years, Maine has lost some 20,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],000 manufacturing jobs, specifically in wood products, textiles, and shoes. Some of the people jobs are in El Salvador in trade zones where companies send fabric to be sewn into finished garments in textile assembly plants ( that are then exported back available, tax and tariff-free. Some 86,000 Salvadorans work in these maquilas which are owned by Salvadorans,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Asians, and Americans.
In the most moving of our encounters, we talk with three women workers and discover their constant struggle to stretch earnings of $150 a month that might support a young single person living at home but must support just one mother, her children, her housing, her day care, and health care. We discover their extended hours each of work and commuting, of their insecurity because they lack either union protection or regulatory enforcement of Salvadoran labor laws, and many of all the many indignities suffered as factory owners, push for more and much more production both from greed and fear of competition from even more exploitive Asian sweat shops.
The circle of job losses returns to us in the labels for example Dockers and Levis in the mall or perhaps in the cheap clothes in Wal-Mart But Mainers have already recognized that only by helping equalize working conditions in other parts of the world are we able to produce a a little more level playing field on which to staunch the outflow of Maine jobs. Thus the cities of Bangor, Biddeford, Orono, Scarborough,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the state of Maine have anti-sweatshop selective purchasing laws that require bidders for government contracts to affirm compliance with established international standards of ethical production.
But the major exports of El Salvador are neither its traditional exports of coffee or the flow of assembled textiles but they are the Salvadoran people themselves. There are about 8.5 million Salvadorans, of whom 2.3 million live and work in the United States. They are the largest single source of Salvadoran income, remitting home some $2 billion a year. Many came throughout the war years; nevertheless the numbers continue to swell because the agricultural items that were the mainstay of local small farmer production-corn,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], beans and sorghum can't compete with cheap subsidized imports and are only produced to see relatives subsistence. to find work sweeping floors, washing dishes, cleaning rooms in hotels, picking apples are often the most motivated people within their communities. Their wives and kids, who receive remittances, obviously suffer in different ways. And also the pool of cheap labor found in our many immigrant communities puts downward pressure on our very own job markets. The circular flow of individuals northward and of dollars southward was described by Salvadoran economists because the circle of dollars. dollars and cents since it's own currency. Indeed, the dollars of the poor do return, often to purchase goods imported by the handful of families that control the Salvadoran economy.
I'm not against globalization indeed the circle of goodness is very much a part of what many call globalization from below. However the circles of job loss, and exploited labor, as well as poor dollars ending up as rich dollars, makes us a skeptic of free trade, an advocate for fair trade and grateful to reside in a community that knows the difference!
Robert Kates is a geographer and independent scholar in Trenton, former Director around the globe Hunger Program at Brown University, and an executive editor of Environment magazine.
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